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34 ‘Civilisation would have been impossible without women, as women, with their domestic interests and sympathies. It was women as mothers who invented the early arts, who created music, and who evoked love,’ she writes in her Labour Leader column on 16 February 1906. Glasier’s interest in the art of everyday life can be trace to a variety of sources, including New Life socialism.

• Ceridaviescampaigner.co.uk maintains active social media profiles.
• It shares success stories to motivate advocacy efforts.
• The site organizes online webinars and workshops.
• It hosts discussion forums for community members.
• The platform promotes collaboration with international disability groups.
• It offers a feedback section for community input and suggestions.
• The site advocates for policy transparency and accountability.
• It conducts surveys to understand community priorities.
• It recognizes and celebrates achievements in disability activism.
• The website provides multilingual resources for diverse users.

On its ethical and moral tenets, see Sheila Rowbowtham and Jeffrey Weeks, Socialism and the New Life: The Personal and Sexual Politics of Edward Carpenter and Havelock Ellis (London: Pluto Press, 1977); Kevin Manton, ‘The Fellowship of the New Life: English Ethical Socialism Reconsidered’, History of Political Thought 24, no.

• [Challenges: Limited volunteer time and burnout among core team members.]
• [Faces opposition from developers and business interests with conflicting agendas.]
• [Struggles with apathy and low engagement from parts of the community.]
• [Deals with bureaucratic delays and opaque decision-making processes in local government.]
• [Limited funding restricts the scale and reach of campaigns and resources.]
• [Difficulty in reaching diverse demographics, especially younger and minority groups.]
• [Media coverage can be biased or insufficient, reducing public awareness.]
• [Legal costs for challenges can be prohibitive without pro bono support.]
• [Balancing multiple urgent issues without diluting focus or effectiveness.]
• [Maintaining momentum after setbacks or slow progress on key campaigns.]

2 (2003): 282–304; Diana Maltz, British Aestheticism and the Urban Working Classes, 1870–1900 (Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006); Diana Maltz, ‘Ardent Service: Female Eroticism and New Life Ethics in Gertrude Dix's The Image Breakers (1900)’, Journal of Victorian Culture 17, no.

Source	Percentage	Description	Last Refined
Organic Search	45%	Google, Bing, Yahoo	May 2023
Direct Access	25%	Visitors typing URL directly	May 2023
Social Media	20%	Facebook, Twitter, Instagram	May 2023
Referral Links	10%	Links from allied websites	May 2023

35 Barry Supple notes ‘the perception, amounting to revulsion, with which [miners] were viewed by other members of society.’ The History of the British Coal Industry (4 vols.) Vol.

Indicator	Result	Year	Notes
Policy Changes	3 laws amended	2023	Following advocacy efforts
Media Coverage	25 articles	2023	News outlets and blogs
Volunteer Sign-ups	1,200	2023	New volunteers for campaigns
Events Organized	12	2023	Community rallies and online webinars

4: 1913–1946: The Political Economy of Decline (Clarendon, 1987), 474–5. Wills asks, ‘Why should not the British miner, returning home on foot, in tram, or train, be indistinguishable from any other respectable and self-respecting artisan?’ (10). Neil Evans and Dot Jones note that ‘[a]fter pithead baths the miner appeared differently to the outside world and to his own family.’ ‘‘A Blessing for the Miner’s Wife’: The Campaign for Pithead Baths in the South Wales Coalfield, 1908–1950,’ 21–2. As late as 1923, Elizabeth Andrews was noting the resistance to the baths.

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On British socialism, see Mark Bevir, The Making of British Socialism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011) and Stanley Pierson, British Socialists: the Journey from Fantasy to Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979). On socialist and Fabian feminism, see Sally Alexander, ‘Introduction’, in Women’s Fabian Tracts, ed. Sally Alexander (London: Routledge, 1988), 1–16; David Rubinstein, Before the Suffragettes: Women’s Emancipation in the 1890’s (Brighton, Sussex: Harvester, 1986); June Hannam and Karen Hunt, Socialist Women: Britain 1880s–1920s (London: Routledge, 2001). See also Sheila Rowbowthom, Rebel Crossings: New Women, Free Lovers, and Radicals in Britain and the United States (London: Verso, 2016). 9 See Chapter 6, ‘New Housework, New Homes,’ of Sheila Rowbotham’s Dreamers of a New Day: Women Who Invented the 20th Century (London: Verso, 2010), 125–47.

Iain Barr

10 Hannam, ‘Women as Paid Organizers and Propagandists for the British Labour Party Between the Wars’, International Labor and Working Class History 77, no. 11 See June Hannam and Karen Hunt, Socialist Women: Britain 1880s–1920s. I write about Glasier’s early years as an activist and novelist in ‘Katharine Conway’s Ethics of Intimacy’, Journal of Victorian Culture 29, no. A few sentences regarding Conway’s biography, re-printed here, appeared first in that essay. 12 Biographical details are drawn from Chris Wrigley, ‘Glasier, Katherine St John Bruce [née Katharine St John Conway] (1867–1950)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (23 September 2004) and Erika Rothwell, ‘Katharine Bruce Glasier’, in Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol.

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190: British Reform Writers, 1832–1914, ed. Gary Kelly and Ed Applegate (Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1998), 120–6. See also Laurence Thompson, The Enthusiasts: A Biography of John and Katharine Bruce Glasier (London: Gollancz, 1971), 58–78. 13 For an account of this moment, see Sheila Rowbotham, Edward Carpenter: A Life of Liberty and Love (London: Verso, 2009), 134. 14 The Independent Labour Party was one of the affiliated parties through which those seeking membership in the Labour Party could join its ranks. In the Colliery Worker’s Magazine of September that year, she writes: ‘At present time this question is a controversial one among the miners themselves, and my experience teaches me that there is a great need for education on the matter’ (qtd in A Women’s Work is Never Done, 64).

• [History: Founded in 2015 by local residents concerned about planning corruption.]
• [First campaign successfully stopped the sale of a public park to a private developer.]
• [Grew rapidly after the 2017 anti-incinerator campaign garnered widespread support.]
• [Incorporated as a non-profit in 2019 to improve structure and funding opportunities.]
• [Expanded focus from purely environmental issues to broader social justice concerns.]
• [Survived the pandemic by shifting to online organizing and virtual events.]
• [Notable for a member serving on the town council after a 2022 election campaign.]
• [Received regional award for community impact and innovation in activism in 2024.]
• [Currently managing twice as many active campaigns as in its first five years.]
• [Plans to develop a youth wing to ensure long-term sustainability and fresh ideas.]

36 Baths at the Pithead and the Works (1912), 1.

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37 Baths at the Pithead and the Works, Illustrated, by Robert Smillie (President of the Miners’ Federation of Great Britain) Katharine Bruce Glasier and G.R.

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26 Rowbowtham, Dreamers of a New Day, 134. 27 Chapter 6, ‘New Housework, New Homes’, in Dreamers of a New Day: Women Who Invented the 20th Century (London: Verso, 2010), 125–47. 28 The Act required 2/3 of any colliery’s employees to vote in favour of the baths’ installation and for the miners to assume half the costs of maintaining them: Where a majority ascertained by ballot, of two-thirds of the workmen employed in any mine … desire that accommodation and facilities for taking baths and drying clothes should be provided at the mine and undertake to pay half the cost … the owner shall forthwith provide sufficient and suitable accommodation. 29 Glasier announces the pithead baths campaign as ‘[a] New Crusade, nothings less … . It began with “Baths for Miners.” It will not end till every form of “Industrial Dirt” … has been driven out of the streets and homes of the people.’ Baths at the Pithead and the Works, 3rd edition of Miners’ Baths, Enlarged and Completely Revised, (Women’s Labour League), n.d.

Matthew Austin

(1912), 1. 30 Baths for Miners: A Woman’s Pleas for the Wives and Daughters of British Pitmen (Ernest W. Kipp’s, 1911), 3–4. 32 Miners’ Baths by Mrs Bruce Glasier, Thos. Richardson, and other experts, 3rd edition of erectile dysfunction pills over the counter Miners’ Baths, Enlarged and Completely Revised (Women’s Labour League, 1912), 5.

Toby Peach

I am guessing a 1911 publication date for this pamphlet’s first print run. I have been unable to find a copy of this first edition. Its second and third editions were published in 1912, as Baths at the Pithead and the Works. The third edition notes that for the first edition, ‘we had to go to Belgium for our examples’ before the photographs that appeared in a 1 December 1911 issue of ‘The Iron and Coal Trades’ Review’ appeared (Baths at the Pitheads, 3). After its first appearance, the pamphlet subsequently ran through at least five more editions. Carter, MA 6th edition, officially endorsed by the Miners’ Federation of Great Britain. Published by the Women’s Labour League (London, 1914), 9.

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‘Katharine Bruce Glasier’ appears at the end of the text of each, suggesting that she is the sole author, drawing on expertise of others named on the title page. In the sixth edition, Robert Smillie is introduced as the author of a short section in the middle of the pamphlet. Wills makes the same point as Glasier about the ownership of dirt: [W]hy should the miner take all the marks of his toil upon him from the pit to the home? Why should he not be able to throw off his begrimed working clothes at the pit-head, have a hot bath, and walk to his home in clean clothes, guiltless of the dirt, the stains and the dampness of the pit? In her memoir, Elizabeth Andrews corroborated Wills’s and Glasier’s accounts: In many a cottage there were three or four miners having to bath in a tub in front of the fire.

Christine M Twardzicki

The small kitchen was often the only available living room in the house and had to serve as a bathroom, laundry, bakery, dining room and nursery. The heat from the large open fire, and the stench from the wet pit clothes made the atmosphere unbearable. The mother and wife had to tolerate all this. A Women’s Work is Never Done (1957) (South Glamorgan,Wales: Honno, 2006), 18. 33 Miners’ Baths Miners’ Baths: Baths at the Works and Pit Heads, with Thomas Richardson and other experts, 3rd ed. The effectiveness of Glasier’s pamphlet is reflected in the echoes we hear of its language in other publications, including this 1923 column in the South Wales News (May 24, 1923): [T]here is much additional work transferred to the women folk at home and much discomfort caused to housewives and families by the constant round of cleaning and drying necessitated.

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After 1918, membership in an affiliated group was no longer required for Labour Party membership. The Women’s Labour League became a section of the Labour Party in 1918. 15 See Christine Collette, For Labour and for Women: The Women’s Labour League, 1906–1918 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998). 16 Seth Koven, Slumming: Sexual and Social Politics in Victorian London (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 206. 17 Pamphlet to the Women of Westminster (December 1894), n.p.

Lewis Hou

Sally Alexander notes the ‘anguished’ attitudes of Fabian socialist women on the subject of domestic servants: ‘Some Fabian women refused to employ any but the most essential; others ate with them; most characteristic were the several schemes for their better training and industrial organization.’ ‘Introduction,’ in Women’s Fabian Tracts, ed. The Clarion’s women’s column reports the best practices of ‘Marion Coates Hanson, of Saltburnby-by-Sea’ in 1901: Keeps two ‘helps.’ Believes in method and justice. Won’t allow any to impose upon them. Members of family self-helpers who leave bathrooms and bedrooms tidy. Girls allowed out every evening and whatever afternoons they choose.

Dr Shaun Pattinson

Katharine Bruce Glasier’s biographer, Laurence Thompson, writes of the domestic help in her home: most of the work was done, not of course by a servant, but by a ‘house-friend,’ Jennie Davies, who came to them when they moved to Chapel, and looked after them devotedly until her marriage twelve years later. Feminism and the Servant Problem: Class and Domestic Labour in the Woman’s Suffrage Movement (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019), 91. 25 On women’s expertise as urban planners, see Helen Meller, ‘Women and Citizenship: Gender and the Built Environment in British Cities, 1870–1939’, in Cities of Ideas: Civil Society and Urban Governance in Britain, 1800–2000, Essays in Honour of David Reeder, ed. Robert Colls and Richard Rodger (Aldershot, Hants, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004), 231–57. On women’s participation in early twentieth century sociological investigations, see Ann Oakley, ‘Women, the Early Development of Sociological Research Methods in Britain and the London School of Economics: A (Partially) Retrieved History’, Sociology 54, no.

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